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  2. Non-tariff barriers to trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade

    Non-tariff barriers to trade (NTBs; also called non-tariff measures, NTMs) are trade barriers that restrict imports or exports of goods or services through mechanisms other than the simple imposition of tariffs. Such barriers are subject to controversy and debate, as they may comply with international rules on trade yet serve protectionist ...

  3. Trade barrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_barrier

    Tariffs have been declining in the last twenty years as the influence of the World Trade Organization has grown, but states have increased their use of non-tariff barriers. [2] According to Chad Bown and Meredith Crowley, world trade is "probably" vastly more liberal in current times than was the case historically. [2]

  4. Technical barriers to trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_barriers_to_trade

    Technical barriers to trade (TBTs), a category of nontariff barriers to trade, are the widely divergent measures that countries use to regulate markets, protect their consumers, or preserve their natural resources (among other objectives), but they also can be used (or perceived by foreign countries as being used) to discriminate against imports in order to protect domestic industries.

  5. Trade Act of 1974 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_Act_of_1974

    The Trade Act of 1974 created fast track authority for the President to negotiate trade agreements that Congress can approve or disapprove but cannot amend or filibuster. The Act provided the President with tariff and non-tariff trade barrier negotiating authority for the Tokyo Round of multilateral trade negotiations. Gerald Ford was the ...

  6. Free trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade

    In Kicking Away the Ladder, development economist Ha-Joon Chang reviews the history of free trade policies and economic growth and notes that many of the now-industrialized countries had significant barriers to trade throughout their history. The United States and Britain, sometimes considered the homes of free trade policy, employed ...

  7. Trade facilitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_facilitation

    The trade facilitation objectives were introduced in the international agenda basically because of four main factors. [6]1) The successful implementation of the trade liberalization policy within the WTO frameworks caused the significant reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, that is common for developed countries (the average rate of customs duty from 4,5% to 6,5%, the share of duty ...

  8. Category:Non-tariff barriers to trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Non-tariff...

    View history; Tools. Tools. move to sidebar hide. ... Download as PDF; Printable version ... Pages in category "Non-tariff barriers to trade" The following 9 pages ...

  9. World Trade Organization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization

    The economists Harry Dexter White (left) and John Maynard Keynes (right) at the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire [27]. The WTO precursor, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), was established by a multilateral treaty of 23 countries in 1947 after the end of World War II, in the wake of other new multilateral institutions dedicated to international economic cooperation—such ...