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It explores the prison–industrial complex, and the "intersection of race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States". [3] The title refers to the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1865, which abolished slavery throughout the United States and ended involuntary servitude , except as punishment for ...
Southern lawmakers began to exploit the so-called "loophole" written in the 13th amendment and turned to prison labor as a means of restoring the pre-abolition free labor force. Black Codes were enacted by politicians in the South to maintain white control over former slaves, namely by restricting African Americans’ labor activity. [21]
The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18.
Opinion: 13th Amendment has been cited to address what we consider modern forms of slavery, i.e., sex trafficking, bondage or aggravated kidnapping.
For example, Ava DuVernay's Netflix film 13th, released in 2017, criticizes mass incarceration and compares it to the history of slavery throughout the United States, beginning with the provision of the 13th Amendment that allows for involuntary servitude "as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted". The film ...
[citation needed] Centered on race in the United States criminal justice system, the critically lauded film is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery (unless as punishment for a crime). [citation needed] It argues that slavery is being effectively perpetuated through mass incarceration.
California voters unexpectedly look set to reject a proposed constitutional amendment that would end involuntary labor in state prisons, despite the proposition facing little public opposition and ...
The 2016 Netflix documentary, 13th by director Ava DuVernay, and entitled after the 1865 Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution—which abolished slavery—explores the "intersection of race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States."