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Spindle nose on a lathe headstock. The small female taper is a Morse taper to take a lathe center or a tool such as a twist drill. The large male taper takes a lathe chuck, which is retained by the large nut. A machine taper is a system for securing cutting tools or toolholders in the spindle of a machine tool or power tool.
The Morse taper is a common machine taper frequently used in drills, lathes and small milling machines. Chucks for drilling usually use a Morse taper and can be removed to accommodate Morse taper drill bits. Morse taper collet sets usually employ ER collets in an adaptor to suit the Morse taper.
Collets can also be obtained to fit Morse or Brown and Sharpe taper sockets. Typically collets offer higher levels of precision and accuracy than self-centering chucks, and have a shorter setting up time than independent-jaw chucks. The penalty is that most collets can only accommodate a single size of workpiece.
Morse taper drills, from 13.5mm (with the No. 1 Morse taper shank) through to a 30mm drill (No. 4 morse taper shank) Morse Taper Drill Bit Shank. The Morse taper twist drill bits pictured right are used in metalworking. The full range of tapers is from 0 to 7. The Morse taper allows the bit to be mounted directly into the spindle of a drill ...
The smaller top item is an insert, the middle shows another three-fluted counterbore insert, assembled in the holder. The shank of this holder is a Morse taper, although there are other machine tapers that are used in the industry. The lower counterbore is designed to fit into a drill chuck, and being smaller, is economical to make as one piece.
Machine tapers for tool holding included Morse tapers (on early models) and the R8 taper (a widely used standard that Bridgeport created) on most models. Both Morse and R8 allowed for both collets and solid holders, and a drill chuck could be held by either of the latter. Currently R8 and Erickson #30 Quick Change tool holders are available.
(The drill chuck itself will usually be held in the spindle by a self-holding taper). Tool changes will not involve unseating that taper; they'll be done with the chuck or collet. So in that limited respect, people are right when they say that a milling cutter with a taper shank is old-fashioned.
The number refers to the Association for Manufacturing Technology (formerly the National Machine Tool Builders Association (NMTB)) taper size of the tool. A CAT-40 toolholder A boring head on a Morse taper shank. An improvement on CAT Tooling is Bridgeport Taper (BT) Tooling, which looks similar and can easily be confused with CAT tooling.
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