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Blue sclerae in a person with osteogenesis imperfecta Diagnosis is typically based on medical imaging , including plain X-rays , and symptoms. In severe OI, signs on medical imaging include abnormalities in all extremities and in the spine. [ 97 ]
In classic non-deforming osteogenesis imperfecta with blue sclerae or common variable osteogenesis imperfecta with normal sclerae, nearly 60% of cases are de novo. COL1A1/2-related osteogenesis imperfecta is identified by repeated fractures with trivial trauma, defective dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), and hearing loss.
Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease of the sclera causing redness of the sclera often progressing to purple. Yellowing or a light green color of the sclera is a visual symptom of jaundice . In cases of osteogenesis imperfecta , the sclera may appear to have a blue tint, more pronounced than the slight blue tint seen in children.
It can be useful to enquire about symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta, as Type I Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (Shield's Classification) is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. [2] Notable information includes: History of bone fracture caused by minimal trauma; Short stature; Blue sclera; Hearing loss [2] [5]
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (types 1–4): Mutations in COL1alpha 1 and/or COL1alpha2 are known to cause several different types of Osteogenesis Imperfecta with the severity of said diseases being related to the type and frequency of the mutations occurring. [9] For further information on COL1's effect in this disease, see Collagen, type 1, alpha 1.
He coined the term 'osteoporosis.' [1] He also described a disorder known today as osteogenesis imperfecta type I, which is sometimes called "Lobstein's disease". This disease is an hereditary, generalized connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and a blue-gray sclerae of the eyes.
Sillence created the standard four-type system of osteogenesis imperfecta in 1979. [8] It enabled progress into the molecular causes of the disorder and collagen mutations. In 2012, Sillence delivered the Human Genetics Society of Australasia Oration , a prestigious lecture in his field.
The genetics of Bruck syndrome differs from osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteogenesis imperfecta usually involves autosomal dominant mutations to COL1A1 or COL1A2 which encode type 1 procollagen. [ 6 ] Bruck syndrome is linked to mutations in two genes, and therefore is divided in two types.