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After the breakdown of the communist regime in Albania in 1990, Italy had been the main immigration target for Albanians leaving their country. This was because Italy had been a symbol of the West for many Albanians during the communist period, because of its geographic proximity.
On the eve of conflict between Montenegro and the Ottomans (1876–1878), a substantial Albanian population resided in the Sanjak of İşkodra. [3] In the Montenegrin-Ottoman war, the Montenegrin army managed to capture certain areas and settlements along the border, while encountering strong resistance from Albanians in Ulcinj, and a combined Albanian-Ottoman force in the Podgorica-Spuž and ...
Albanian homes and villages could be burnt down, referring to the 1877–78 expulsions of Albanians in Niš and Kuršumlija. [7] Čubrilović noted that the Chetniks and paramilitaries could be of good use where they would pressure the Albanians to leave, making it "the most effective means". [7]
Any plans of partition of the Albanian state were unsuccessful and Albania retained its 1913 territories (pictured). The borders of the Principality of Albania established in 1913 left a large number of ethnic Albanians outside the new state, and many of them fled or were forcibly driven inside the recognized borders of Albania. [23]
The Albanians were removed from Serbia either by force or by buying their homes. The expulsions occurred in the regions of Morava Valley , the Sanjak of Niš , and west Serbia. The number of Albanians that were expelled or emigrated from Serbia from 1830 to 1876 is estimated to be up to roughly 150,000.
A special "Albanian Detachment" was set up by the Serbs to completely pacify Albania and consolidate Toptani's authority. However, the Mirdita region in northern Albania remained outside of the control of Serbian forces. [13] The Montenegrin army, capitalizing on the situation, moved in from the north to capture Shkodër. [13]
The country's borders, however, remained unsettled following the Vlora War in which all territory (except Saseno island) under Italian control in Albania was relinquished to the Albanian state. Albania achieved a degree of statehood after the First World War, in part because of the diplomatic intercession of the United States government.
Albanian nationalists held similar views as they did not want to leave the historical cities of Skopje and Bitola behind in the advent of secession from Macedonia. [67] Religion did not play a mobilizing factor during the conflict between Albanians and Macedonians, though it is becoming a new element between relations of the two peoples. [66] [68]