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An example of electron emission (β − decay) is the decay of carbon-14 into nitrogen-14 with a half-life of about 5,730 years: 14 6 C → 14 7 N + e − + ν e. In this form of decay, the original element becomes a new chemical element in a process known as nuclear transmutation.
The next group is the primordial radioactive nuclides. These have been measured to be radioactive, or decay products have been identified in natural samples (tellurium-128, barium-130). There are 35 of these (see these nuclides), of which 25 have half-lives longer than 10 13 years. With most of these 25, decay is difficult to observe and for ...
A mildly radioactive transuranic element used to power spacecraft and certain planet-bound facilities, named after real-world scientist Freeman Dyson. It is found all throughout the Milky Way and was discovered on Earth's mantle during the early 22nd century. However, it can also be synthesized. Dysonium fuel cores look like glowing, blue spheres.
This is a list of radioactive nuclides (sometimes also called isotopes), ordered by half-life from shortest to longest, in seconds, minutes, hours, days and years. Current methods make it difficult to measure half-lives between approximately 10 −19 and 10 −10 seconds.
The decay of a neutron within a nuclide is illustrated by the decay of the carbon isotope carbon-14, which has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. With its excess of neutrons, this isotope decays by beta decay to nitrogen-14 (7 protons, 7 neutrons), a process with a half-life of about 5,730 years. [37] Nitrogen-14 is stable. [38]
Bulk carbon-13 for commercial use, e.g. in chemical synthesis, is enriched from its natural 1% abundance. Although carbon-13 can be separated from the major carbon-12 isotope via techniques such as thermal diffusion, chemical exchange, gas diffusion, and laser and cryogenic distillation, currently only cryogenic distillation of methane (boiling point −161.5°C) or carbon monoxide (b.p. − ...
Naturally occurring cobalt, Co, consists of a single stable isotope, 59 Co (thus, cobalt is a mononuclidic element). Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized; the most stable are 60 Co with a half-life of 5.2714 years, 57 Co (271.811 days), 56 Co (77.236 days), and 58 Co (70.844 days).
All isotopes of thallium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed. Thallium-202 (half-life 12.23 days) can be made in a cyclotron [ 4 ] while thallium-204 (half-life 3.78 years) is made by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor .