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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) 1971 [25] Infects pigs. Caused outbreaks in 1972 [26] and 1978, [27] 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2015. [28] Dogs Enteritis: Canine coronavirus (CCoV) 1971 Cats Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) Feline coronavirus (FCoV) Cattle: Enteritis: Bovine coronavirus (BCV or BCoV) Humans Severe acute respiratory ...
Virus infections start when viral particles bind to host surface cellular receptors. [158] Protein modeling experiments on the spike protein of the virus soon suggested that SARS‑CoV‑2 has sufficient affinity to the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on human cells to use them as a mechanism of cell entry . [ 159 ]
The timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic lists the articles containing the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, [1] the virus that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, on or about 17 November 2019. [2]
In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV [35] and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease [36] as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent social stigma.
Scanning electron micrograph of SARS virions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-1. It causes an often severe illness and is marked initially by systemic symptoms of muscle pain, headache, and fever, followed in 2–14 days by the onset of respiratory symptoms, [13] mainly cough, dyspnea, and pneumonia.
The binding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through ACE2 receptors present in heart tissue may be responsible for direct viral injury leading to myocarditis. [48] In a study done during the SARS outbreak, SARS virus RNA was ascertained in the autopsy of heart specimens in 35% of the patients who died due to SARS. [ 51 ]
The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The virus has been successfully cultured by Pyrc and coworkers in the ex vivo model of human respiratory epithelium. [7] Additional research has revealed that the virus attaches itself to O-acetylated sialic acids on the cell surface, [8] which instigates a conformational shift in the S protein, facilitating interaction with the entry receptor. [9]