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  2. Abstract (summary) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_(summary)

    The informative abstract, also known as the complete abstract, is a compendious summary of a paper's substance and its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Usually between 100 and 200 words, the informative abstract summarizes the paper's structure, its major topics and key points. [ 23 ]

  3. Grammatical aspect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect

    Sometimes, English has a lexical distinction where other languages may use the distinction in grammatical aspect. For example, the English verbs "to know" (the state of knowing) and "to find out" (knowing viewed as a "completed action") correspond to the imperfect and perfect forms of the equivalent verbs in French and Spanish, savoir and saber ...

  4. Gnomic aspect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomic_aspect

    taiyou-wa sun- TOP higashi-kara east-from nobo-ru rise- IPFV taiyou-wa higashi-kara nobo-ru sun-TOP east-from rise-IPFV "the sun rises in the east" whereas the ga (subject) particle would force an episodic reading. English English has no means of morphologically distinguishing a gnomic aspect; however, a generic reference is generally understood to convey an equivalent meaning. Use of the ...

  5. Abstraction (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(linguistics)

    Object abstraction, or simply abstraction, is a concept wherein terms for objects become used for more abstract concepts, which in some languages develop into further abstractions such as verbs and grammatical words (grammaticalisation). Abstraction is common in human language, though it manifests in different ways for different languages.

  6. Errors in early word use - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors_in_early_word_use

    Categorical overinclusions involve using one word within a category to label a closely related referent that falls in the same category. Examples are seen in references to people (e.g. daddy for all men), animals (e.g. dog for horses and other quadrupeds), vehicles (e.g. truck for bus), foods (e.g. apple for oranges), and numerous other categories.

  7. Chinese character classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character...

    Some loangraphs (假借; jiǎjiè; 'borrowing') are introduced to represent words previously lacking another written form—this is often the case with abstract grammatical particles such as 之 and 其. [33] For example, the character 來 (lái) was originally a pictograph of a wheat plant, with the meaning *‍ m-rˁək 'wheat'.

  8. English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

    An advanced English syntax based on the principles and requirements of the Grammatical society. London: Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co. A new edition of An advanced English syntax, prepared from the author's materials by B. D. H. Miller, was published as Modern English syntax in 1971. Palmer, F. R. (1974). The English verb. London: Longman.

  9. Tense–aspect–mood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense–aspect–mood

    As in English, the conditional mood form can also be used to indicate a future-as-viewed-from-the-past tense–aspect combination in the indicative mood. The subjunctive mood form is used frequently to express doubt, desire, request, etc. in dependent clauses.