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Sodium channel blockers are also used as local anesthetics and anticonvulsants. [5] Sodium channel blockers have been proposed for use in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, [6] but current evidence is mixed. [7] It has been suggested that the analgesic effects of some antidepressants may be mediated in part via sodium channel blockade. [8]
Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain or Novocaine, in some regions, procaine is referred to generically as novocaine. It acts mainly as a sodium channel blocker. [2] Today, it is used therapeutically in some countries due to its sympatholytic, anti-inflammatory, perfusion-enhancing, and mood-enhancing effects. [3]
Procainamide (PCA) is a medication of the antiarrhythmic class used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.It is a sodium channel blocker of cardiomyocytes; thus it is classified by the Vaughan Williams classification system as class Ia.
procaine: Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine 1904 (Alfred Einhorn) 1905 (Heinrich Braun) procainamide: proparacaine: proxymetacaine propoxycaine [16] Pyrrocaine [17] quinisocaine dimethisoquin [18] ropivacaine: Naropin 1957 (Ekenstam) 1997 trimecaine: Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain tetracaine: amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine
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For example, TTX can bind and inactivate voltage-gated sodium channels, despite the fact that TTX is much larger and chemically different than sodium ions. Given the disparities in size and chemical properties between TTX and a sodium ion, this is an example of structure being used to block usually specific channels.
Benzonatate is a local anesthetic and voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. [6] [unreliable medical source?] It is theorized to work by inhibiting stretch receptors in the lungs, in turn suppressing the cough reflex in the brain. [6] [unreliable medical source?] [7] Benzonatate is structurally related to other local anesthetics like procaine ...
Examples of targets for modulators include: Voltage-gated ion channels. Calcium channel: see also Calcium channel blocker, Calcium channel opener; Potassium channel: see also Potassium channel blocker, Potassium channel opener; Sodium channel: see also Sodium channel blocker, Sodium channel opener