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What causes kidney disease? The most common causes of CKD are high blood pressure and diabetes, "which damage the small blood vessels and filtering units in the kidneys over time," says Nagata ...
Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]
Dent's disease (or Dent disease) is a rare X-linked recessive inherited condition that affects the proximal renal tubules [1] of the kidney. It is one cause of Fanconi syndrome , and is characterized by tubular proteinuria , excess calcium in the urine , formation of calcium kidney stones , nephrocalcinosis , and chronic kidney failure .
It is one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). [1] [2] [3] The term "renal osteodystrophy" was coined in 1943, [4] 60 years after an association was identified between bone disease and kidney failure. [5]
This fissure is a hilum that transmits the vessels, nerves, and ureter. From anterior to posterior, the renal vein exits, the renal artery enters, and the renal pelvis exits the kidney. On the left hand side the hilum is located at the L1 vertebral level and the right kidney at level L1-2. The lower border of the kidneys is usually alongside L3.
Intrinsic AKI refers to disease processes which directly damage the kidney itself. Intrinsic AKI can be due to one or more of the kidney's structures including the glomeruli, kidney tubules, or the interstitium. Common causes of each are glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), respectively.
Excess water retention (pitting edema, due to loss of serum albumin) Susceptibility to infection (due to loss of serum antibodies) Common signs are also due to loss of blood proteins by the glomerulus of the kidney, including: [2] [5] [10] Protein in the urine (often in the nephrotic syndrome-range of >3.5 g/day) Low serum albumin (<3.5 g/dl)
Abnormal kidney function may cause too much or too little urine to be produced. The ability of the kidneys to filter protein is often measured, as urine albumin or urine protein levels, [ 2 ] measured either at a single instance or, because of variation throughout the day, as 24-hour urine tests.