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The prawn is popular to culture because of its tolerance to salinity and very quick growth rate, [11] but they are very vulnerable to fungal, viral, and bacterial infections. [21] Diseases such as white spot disease and yellowhead disease have led to a great economic impact in shrimp industries around the globe. [22]
Yellowhead disease (YHD) is a viral infection of shrimp and prawn, in particular of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), one of the two major species of farmed shrimp. The disease is caused by the Yellow head virus genotype 1 (YHV1), a positive-strand RNA virus related to coronaviruses and arteriviruses .
In India, P. semisulcatus plays a role in the farming of shrimp and prawns in the ricefields of the Ganges Delta. Aquaculture experiments with this species are being conducted in Taiwan and Thailand. Prawns caught in Pakistan are exported frozen or canned, or used to make shrimp meal and shrimp paste. [3]
White spot syndrome (WSS) is a viral infection of penaeid shrimp.The disease is highly lethal and contagious, killing shrimp quickly. Outbreaks of this disease have wiped out the entire populations of many shrimp farms within a few days, in places throughout the world.
Penaeidae is a family of marine crustaceans in the suborder Dendrobranchiata, which are often referred to as penaeid shrimp or penaeid prawns. The Penaeidae contain many species of economic importance, such as the tiger prawn , whiteleg shrimp , Atlantic white shrimp , and Indian prawn .
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These signs were accompanied by mortalities, which reached up to 50-100% of an affected population of P. merguiensis within 4-8 weeks of disease onset. [1] [13] Soon after, cultured populations of four shrimp species from four separate culture facilities in Asia were found to be adversely affected by a disease of presumed viral etiology. [13]
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