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The service was the idea of Valentín Letelier, a former director of the University of Chile. The first director of the CSN, Fernand de Montessus de Ballore, was a former commander of the French army and an amateur geologist and seismologist. In 1869, the first seismological station run by the CSS was built on the Santa Lucía Hill in Santiago.
Of the world's 46 known earthquakes with M ≥ 8.5 since the year 1500, one-third occurred in Chile [citation needed] and are shown in the map to the side. Some virtually have the same epicenters like the 1604 and 1868 (in Arica), the 1730 and 1822 (in Valparaíso), the 1751 and 1835 (in Concepción), and the 1575 and 1837 (in Valdivia).
The earthquakes' depths were estimated as 33.1 kilometres (20.6 mi) and 31.0 kilometres (19.3 mi) by the University of Chile Seismological Service (Servicio Sismológico de la Universidad de Chile), [2] [15] [16] and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) and 18.0 kilometres (11.2 mi) by the USGS. [17]
The 1928 Talca earthquake occurred on 1 December at 00:06 local time near Curepto, Maule Region, Chile, [1] [4] with an estimated magnitude of 7.6 M W, [3] 8.3 M S [1] and 7.9 M L. [4] In Talca, it lasted 1 minute 45 seconds.
In 1906, the Seismological Service of Chile (Servicio Sismológico de Chile) was created. Its first chief executive was Fernand de Montessus de Ballore. [19] The effects of this historic seismic event in the Valparaíso rupture zone would be studied and measurable in the context of further seismic activity in this vicinity. [20]
The 1939 Chillán earthquake occurred in south-central Chile on 24 January with a surface-wave magnitude of 8.3 [1] and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme).With a death toll of around 28,000, [4] compared to the 2,231–6,000 (official estimates vary greatly) [5] [6] of the Great Chilean earthquake of 1960, it is the single deadliest earthquake in Chile.
It had an estimated magnitude of 8.5 of on the surface-wave magnitude scale and an estimated magnitude of 9.0+ [3] on the Moment magnitude scale and led to the flood of Valdivia, Chile. Pedro Mariño de Lobera, who was corregidor of Valdivia by that time, wrote that the waters of the river opened like the Red Sea, one part flowing upstream and ...
The 1877 Iquique earthquake occurred at 21:16 local time on 9 May (0:59 on 10 May UTC).It had a magnitude of 8.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. [2] Other estimates of its magnitude have been as high as 8.9 M w and 9.0 M t (based on the size of the tsunami). [1]