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The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada.
A commercial contract is an agreement containing all the work that should be performed for the construction of a commercial building or non-residential building. A skillfully constructed commercial contract can protect both parties' interests, minimize risks, and increase profitability for the contractor.
The master service agreement serves as a master contract governing the terms over potentially multiple SOWs. Sometimes it refers to scope of work. For instance, if a project is done on contract, the scope statement included as part of it can be used as the SOW since it also outlines the work of the project in clear and concise terms. [3]
"50 Divisions" is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the United States and Canada. [5] Standardizing the presentation of such information improves communication among all parties.
A clerk of works or clerk of the works (CoW) is employed by an architect or a client on a construction site.The role is primarily to represent the interests of the client in regard to ensuring that the quality of both materials and workmanship are in accordance with the design information such as specification and engineering drawings, in addition to recognized quality standards.
The work breakdown structure provides a common framework for the natural development of the overall planning and control of a contract and is the basis for dividing work into definable increments from which the statement of work can be developed and technical, schedule, cost, and labor hour reporting can be established.
The model was first studied in 1976 and studies through the 1990s showed that adopting such a model could generate 10% savings on project time and 7% on cost. [6] The wider adoption of ECI was a recommendation of the 1994 Latham Report into systemic failings in the British construction industry; the practice became increasing popular during the early 2000s.
Work package – is a subset of a project that can be assigned to a specific party for execution. Because of the similarity, work packages are often misidentified as projects. Workstream – is a set of associated activities, focused around a particular scope that follow a path from initiation to completion.