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NVMe drives have a standard method of formatting, available in, for example, the Linux command-line program nvme format. Sector size change and secure erase options are available. [23] Note that NVMe drives are generally solid-state, making this "track" distinction useless. Seagate Technology drives offer a TTL serial debugging console. [24]
The SATA revision 3.2 specification, in its gold revision as of August 2013, standardizes M.2 as a new format for storage devices and specifies its hardware layout. [ 2 ] : 12 [ 8 ] Buses exposed through the M.2 connector include PCI Express (PCIe) 3.0 and newer, Serial ATA (SATA) 3.0 and USB 3.0; all these standards are backward compatible .
NVM Express over Fabrics (NVMe-oF) is the concept of using a transport protocol over a network to connect remote NVMe devices, contrary to regular NVMe where physical NVMe devices are connected to a PCIe bus either directly or over a PCIe switch to a PCIe bus.
The translation of the native 4096, 4112, 4160, or 4224-byte physical format (with 0, 8, 64, or 128-byte Data Integrity Fields) to a virtual 512, 520 or 528-byte increment is transparent to the entity accessing the hard disk drive. Read and write commands are issued to Advanced Format drives in the same format as legacy drives.
EDSFF provides a pure NVMe over PCIe interface. One common way to provide EDSFF connections on the motherboard is through MCIO connectors. EDSFF SSDs come in four form factors: E1.L (Long) and E1.S (Short), which fit vertically in a 1u server, and E3.L and E3.S, which fit vertically in a 2u server. [2]
3D Cross Point 2 layer diagram Intel Optane in M.2 card format. 3D XPoint (pronounced three-D cross point) is a discontinued non-volatile memory (NVM) technology developed jointly by Intel and Micron Technology. It was announced in July 2015 and was available on the open market under the brand name Optane (Intel) from April 2017 to July 2022. [1]
CFexpress is a standard for removable media cards proposed by the CompactFlash Association (CFA). The standard uses the NVM Express protocol over a PCIe 3.0 interface with 1 to 4 lanes where 1 GB/s data can be provided per lane.
CrystalDiskInfo is an MIT-licensed S.M.A.R.T. utility for reading and monitoring disk drive status. Like CrystalDiskMark, this tool is designed with an emphasis around solid state devices, supporting NVMe connections in addition to the usual PATA and SATA.