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  2. Isothermal transformation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_transformation...

    TTT diagram of isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel; showing the main components obtained when cooling the steel and its relation with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels. Austenite is slightly undercooled when quenched below Eutectoid temperature. When given more time, stable microconstituents can form: ferrite and ...

  3. Valence bond theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_theory

    Hybridization is a model that describes how atomic orbitals combine to form new orbitals that better match the geometry of molecules. Atomic orbitals that are similar in energy combine to make hybrid orbitals. For example, the carbon in methane (CH 4) undergoes sp 3 hybridization to form four equivalent orbitals, resulting in a tetrahedral shape.

  4. File:TTT diagram-20201210-isothermal transformations in ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TTT_diagram-20201210...

    English: TTT diagram of the isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel, together with its relationship with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels ...

  5. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    A diatomic molecular orbital diagram is used to understand the bonding of a diatomic molecule. MO diagrams can be used to deduce magnetic properties of a molecule and how they change with ionization. They also give insight to the bond order of the molecule, how many bonds are shared between the two atoms. [12]

  6. Isovalent hybridization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isovalent_hybridization

    In chemistry, isovalent or second order hybridization is an extension of orbital hybridization, the mixing of atomic orbitals into hybrid orbitals which can form chemical bonds, to include fractional numbers of atomic orbitals of each type (s, p, d). It allows for a quantitative depiction of bond formation when the molecular geometry deviates ...

  7. Talk:Orbital hybridisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Orbital_hybridisation

    The current hybridization article does a good job of explaining that molecular symmetry is difficult to reconcile with atomic orbitals. I would add (I propose to add!) that the quantum indistinguishability of the groups surrounding the carbon atoms are the source of MO symmetries.

  8. Structural formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_formula

    Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. [1]

  9. File:Iron carbon phase diagram.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_carbon_phase...

    Steel is between 0 and 2.06 mass percent of carbon. Cast iron is between 2.06 and 6.67%. Black lines indicate the metastable Fe/Fe3Cphase, red is the stable Fe/Carbon phase This diagram is for illustrative purposes only, and is not thermodynamically accurate.