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A distinction is made between real-time rendering, in which images are generated and displayed immediately (ideally fast enough to give the impression of motion or animation), and offline rendering (sometimes called pre-rendering) in which images, or film or video frames, are generated for later viewing. Offline rendering can use a slower and ...
A normal shader (left) and an NPR shader using cel-shading (right). Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is an area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art, in contrast to traditional computer graphics, which focuses on photorealism.
Khail Girban's The Prophet, a 2014 animated film computer cel. Feast, a 2014 American 2D animated romantic comedy short film. The Peanuts Movie (2015) Mutafukaz: Operation Blackhead, a 2017 crime short film that became the basis for the comic book for the same name produced by Run. Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) Tom & Jerry (2021)
Film studios that produce computer-generated animations typically make use of a render farm to generate images in a timely manner. However, falling hardware costs mean that it is entirely possible to create small amounts of 3D animation on a home computer system given the costs involved when using render farms. [ 5 ]
Video game graphics from the fifth generation of video game consoles, during which some of the first consoles capable of rendering 3D graphics were released, used low poly modeling due to technological limitations. As graphics and console rendering power improved however, the vast majority of video games moved on to more realistic graphics with ...
The use of high-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) in computer graphics was introduced by Greg Ward in 1985 with his open-source Radiance rendering and lighting simulation software which created the first file format to retain a high-dynamic-range image. HDRI languished for more than a decade, held back by limited computing power, storage, and ...
Physically based rendering (PBR) is a computer graphics approach that seeks to render images in a way that models the lights and surfaces with optics in the real world. It is often referred to as "Physically Based Lighting" or "Physically Based Shading". Many PBR pipelines aim to achieve photorealism.
Some high-definition television networks and TV stations use "stylized pillarboxing", meaning they fill-in the blank areas on the sides with their HD logo or other still or motion graphics, when the program being shown is only available in 4:3 aspect ratio (standard definition).