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A neck mass or neck lump is an ambiguous mass found in the neck area. There are many different possible causes, [ 1 ] including head and neck cancer [ 2 ] and congenital conditions like branchial anomalies and thyroglossal duct cysts .
Cervical thymic cyst is a very rare pathology that is often incidentally found due to its asymptomatic nature. The patient usually notices a neck mass that grows slowly which triggers them to see a clinician and be admitted to the hospital. [3] However, it can cause symptoms as it grows in size and compresses on other organs.
The diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts is typically done clinically due to their relatively consistent location in the neck, typically anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. For masses presenting in adulthood , the presumption should be a malignancy until proven otherwise, since carcinomas of the tonsil, tongue base and thyroid may all ...
Differential diagnosis are ectopic thyroid, enlarged lymph nodes, dermoid cysts and goiter. [ citation needed ] Thyroglossal cyst usually presents as a midline neck lump (in the region of the hyoid bone ) that is usually painless, smooth and cystic, though if infected, pain can occur.
An appropriate differential diagnosis depends upon location of the ectopic thymus. For cervical ectopic thymus, the differential diagnosis should include additional causes of neck masses. This includes common causes of neck masses in children, including: thyroglossal duct cyst. [6] [10] branchial cleft cyst. [10] dermoid cyst. [10]
They may be hyperplastic or tumorous, but only a small percentage of thyroid tumors are malignant. Small, asymptomatic nodules are common, and often go unnoticed. [2] Nodules that grow larger or produce symptoms may eventually need medical care. A goitre may have one nodule – uninodular, multiple nodules – multinodular, or be diffuse.
The mass is usually in the neck (hence the name "nuchal-type"), but it can be seen in the extremities, lumbosacral area, buttocks, and face. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] There is a strong association with diabetes mellitus and Gardner syndrome ; in fact, it may be the initial manifestation of Gardner syndrome.
Vocal cord nodules are bilaterally symmetrical benign white masses that form at the midpoint of the vocal folds. [1] Although diagnosis involves a physical examination of the head and neck, as well as perceptual voice measures, visualization of the vocal nodules via laryngeal endoscopy remains the primary diagnostic method.