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The Race Relations Board was created following the passing of the Race Relations Act 1965 as a body "to assess and resolve individual cases of discrimination." [ 16 ] Its remit was originally restricted to places of public resort and regarding disposal of tenancies, but this was expanded with the passage of the Race Relations Act 1968.
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2]
The sociology of race and ethnic relations is the study of social, political, and economic relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society. This area encompasses the study of systemic racism , like residential segregation and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups.
Scholars of CRT say that race is not "biologically grounded and natural"; [10] [11] rather, it is a socially constructed category used to oppress and exploit people of color; [35] and that racism is not an aberration, [36] but a normalized feature of American society. [35]
The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...
Racial formation theory is an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces. [1]
For example, it is possible to find references to "court-ordered integration" from sources such as the Detroit News, [5] PBS, [6] or even Encarta. [7] These same sources also use the phrase "court-ordered desegregation", apparently with exactly the same meaning; [ 8 ] [ 9 ] the Detroit News uses both expressions interchangeably in the same article.
Ian Haney López, the John H. Boalt Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley [29] explains ways race is a social construct. He uses examples from history of how race was socially constructed and interpreted. One such example was of the Hudgins v. Wright case. A slave woman sued for her freedom and the freedom of her two ...