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The list is sorted by Japanese reading (on'yomi in katakana, then kun'yomi in hiragana), in accordance with the ordering in the official Jōyō table. This list does not include characters that were present in older versions of the list but have since been removed ( 勺 , 銑 , 脹 , 錘 , 匁 ).
The Gakunenbetsu kanji haitō hyō does not contain readings or meanings of each kanji. [2] Many kanji have complex meanings and nuances, or express concepts not directly translatable into English. In those cases, the English meanings mentioned here are approximate. In the kun'yomi readings, readings after - (hyphen) are okurigana.
In the following lists, the characters are sorted by the radicals of the Japanese kanji. The two Kokuji 働 and 畑 in the Kyōiku Kanji List, which have no Chinese equivalents, are not listed here; in Japanese, neither character was affected by the simplifications. No simplification in either language
The grade-level breakdown is known as the gakunen-betsu kanji haitōhyō (学年別漢字配当表), or the gakushū kanji (学習漢字). This list of kanji is maintained by the Japanese Ministry of Education and prescribes which kanji characters and which kanji readings students should learn for each grade.
This list included 881 "basic requirement" kanji for elementary school. 1981: The 1,945 characters of jōyō kanji were adopted, replacing the list of tōyō kanji. [2] 2010: The list was revised on 30 November to include an additional 196 characters and remove 5 characters (勺, 銑, 脹, 錘, and 匁), for a total of 2,136.
The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary (新版ネルソン漢英辞典, Shinpan Neruson Kan-Ei jiten) is a kanji dictionary published with English speakers in mind. It is an updated version of the original dictionary authored by Andrew N. Nelson, The Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary.
The frequency list is derived from the 47,035 characters in the Chinese language. The Jōyō frequency is from the set of 2,136 Jōyō kanji. [1] Top 25% means that this radical represents 25% of Jōyō kanji. Top 50% means that this radical plus the Top 25% represent 50% of Jōyō kanji.
[9] [10] The textbook is divided into two volumes, containing 23 lessons focusing on Japanese grammar, vocabulary, and kanji. [11] It is used in many universities throughout the English-speaking world and also is often used as a self-study text. [12] The course is notable for its illustrations and cast of recurring characters. [13]