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In probability theory, a probability space or a probability triple (,,) is a mathematical construct that provides a formal model of a random process or "experiment". For example, one can define a probability space which models the throwing of a die. A probability space consists of three elements: [1] [2]
A measurable subset of a standard probability space is a standard probability space. It is assumed that the set is not a null set, and is endowed with the conditional measure. See (Rokhlin 1952, Sect. 2.3 (p. 14)) and (Haezendonck 1973, Proposition 5). Every probability measure on a standard Borel space turns it into a standard probability space.
A random experiment is described or modeled by a mathematical construct known as a probability space. A probability space is constructed and defined with a specific kind of experiment or trial in mind. A mathematical description of an experiment consists of three parts: A sample space, Ω (or S), which is the set of all possible outcomes.
In probability theory particularly in the Malliavin calculus, a Gaussian probability space is a probability space together with a Hilbert space of mean zero, real-valued Gaussian random variables. Important examples include the classical or abstract Wiener space with some suitable collection of Gaussian random variables.
The underlying probability space is a technical device used to guarantee the existence of random variables, sometimes to construct them, and to define notions such as correlation and dependence or independence based on a joint distribution of two or more random variables on the same probability space.
A characterization of a probability distribution accordingly states that it is the only probability distribution that satisfies specified conditions. More precisely, the model of characterization of probability distribution was described by V.M. Zolotarev [1] in such manner.
The conditional probability based on the intersection of events defined as: = (). [2] satisfies the probability measure requirements so long as () is not zero. [ 3 ] Probability measures are distinct from the more general notion of fuzzy measures in which there is no requirement that the fuzzy values sum up to 1 , {\displaystyle 1,} and the ...
Under the measure-theoretic definition of a probability space, the probability of an outcome need not even be defined. In particular, the set of events on which probability is defined may be some σ-algebra on S {\displaystyle S} and not necessarily the full power set .