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Gene therapy may be classified into two types by the type of cell it affects: somatic cell and germline gene therapy. In somatic cell gene therapy (SCGT), the therapeutic genes are transferred into any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte, or undifferentiated stem cell.
Alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera): AAV-based treatment for lipoprotein lipase deficiency (no longer commercially available); Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta): treatment for large B-cell lymphoma [1]
The safety of gene therapy treatment is of utmost concern, especially during clinical trials when off-target modifications can block the further development of a candidate product. [57] Perhaps the most well-known example of modern gene therapy is CAR-T therapy, which is used for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma .
The one-time therapy, branded as Lenmeldy in the U.S., is approved for children in certain stages of disease progression, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said. US approves first gene ...
Analysis of the failure showed that gene therapy only successfully treats 11–28% of cells, leaving the majority of CD4+ cells capable of being infected. The analysis found that only patients where less than 40% of cells were infected had reduced viral load. The gene therapy was not effective if the native CD4+ cells remained.
With the discovery of various types of immune-related disorders, there is a need for diversification in prevention and treatment. Developments in the field of gene therapy are being studied to be included in the scope of this treatment, but of course more research is needed to increase the positive results and minimize the negative effects of gene therapy applications. [27]
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In 2017, the FDA approved Spark Therapeutics' Luxturna, an AAV vector-based gene therapy product for the treatment of RPE65 mutation-associated retinal dystrophy in adults. [28] [29] Luxturna is the first gene therapy approved in the US for the treatment of a monogenetic disorder. [28] [30] It has been authorized for use in the EU since 2018. [31]