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  2. Rainfall simulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainfall_simulator

    A box rainfall simulator has a rectangular frame. A Norton ladder simulator is distinguishable by its large triangular frame. A rotating boom simulator is a permanent simulator with similarities to a center pivot irrigation system. An oscillating nozzle simulator is a simulator with a sprinkler that swings to cover the distribution of a large plot.

  3. Universal Soil Loss Equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Soil_Loss_Equation

    The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a widely used mathematical model that describes soil erosion processes. [1]Erosion models play critical roles in soil and water resource conservation and nonpoint source pollution assessments, including: sediment load assessment and inventory, conservation planning and design for sediment control, and for the advancement of scientific understanding.

  4. Jet erosion test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_erosion_test

    The jet erosion test (JET), or jet index test, is a method used in geotechnical engineering to quantify the resistance of a soil to erosion. The test can be applied in-situ after preparing a field site, or it can be applied in a laboratory on either an intact or a remolded soil sample .

  5. Erosion prediction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion_prediction

    Few soil erosion models consider gully erosion, mostly due to difficulties in modelling these large erosional features. Several studies have evaluated the ability of soil erosion models to realistically predict measured rates of erosion, mainly on agricultural landscapes. There is often a wide discrepancy between predicted and observed erosion ...

  6. Sediment transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment_transport

    Sediment transport is applied to solve many environmental, geotechnical, and geological problems. Measuring or quantifying sediment transport or erosion is therefore important for coastal engineering. Several sediment erosion devices have been designed in order to quantify sediment erosion (e.g., Particle Erosion Simulator (PES)).

  7. Hjulström curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjulström_curve

    The upper curve shows the critical erosion velocity in cm/s as a function of particle size in mm, while the lower curve shows the deposition velocity as a function of particle size. Note that the axes are logarithmic. The plot shows several key concepts about the relationships between erosion, transportation, and deposition.

  8. Depression (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(geology)

    River valley: a depression carved by fluvial erosion by a river. Area of subsidence caused by the collapse of an underlying structure, such as sinkholes in karst terrain. Sink : an endorheic depression generally containing a persistent or intermittent (seasonal) lake , a salt flat (playa) or dry lake , or an ephemeral lake .

  9. Bank erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_erosion

    Bank erosion is natural, but can be accelerated by humans. Bank erosion is the wearing away of the banks of a stream or river. This is distinguished from erosion of the bed of the watercourse, which is referred to as scour. The roots of trees growing by a stream are undercut by such erosion. As the roots bind the soil tightly, they form ...

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