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Noma (also known as gangrenous stomatitis or cancrum oris) is a rapidly-progressive and often-fatal gangrenous infection of the mouth and face. Noma usually begins as an ulcer on the gums and rapidly spreads into the jawbone, cheek, and facial soft tissues.
Noma (also termed cancrum oris) is a necrotizing and destructive infection of the mouth and face, and therefore not strictly speaking a periodontal disease. In modern times, this condition usually occurs in malnourished children in developing countries.
It is the most minor form of this spectrum, with more advanced stages being termed necrotizing periodontitis, necrotizing stomatitis, and the most extreme, cancrum oris. [2] Necrotizing periodontitis (NP) is where the infection leads to attachment loss, and involves only the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar ligament.
528.1 Cancrum oris; 528.2 Aphthous ulcer, Oral aphthae; 528.3 Cellulitis and abscess of oral soft tissues; 528.4 Cysts of oral soft tissues; 528.5 Diseases of lips; 528.6 Leukoplakia of oral mucosa including tongue; 528.6 Leukoplakia, oral mucosa; 528.7 Other disturbances of oral epithelium including tongue. 528.79 Erythroplakia
Generally all gingival diseases share common features such as signs and symptoms being restricted to gingiva, clinically detectable inflammation, and the potential for the gum tissues to return to a state of health once the cause is removed, without irreversible loss of attachment of the teeth.
There have been many reported cases occurring in Africa which are coexistent with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or cancrum oris. [2] In the pre-antibiotic era, acute OM of the jaws was more extensive.
An unpopular mixture known as the "Bengal mixture" was used for feeding. In addition to malnutrition and starvation, tuberculosis, typhus and cancrum oris were common, and later Wernicke's encephalopathy and pellagra. [3] [8]
The body cavity immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the oral cavity (or cavum oris in Latin), [2] is also the first part of the alimentary canal, which leads to the pharynx and the gullet. In tetrapod vertebrates , the mouth is bounded on the outside by the lips and cheeks — thus the oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity ...