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An alternative debt measure is net debt, which is gross debt minus financial assets in the form of debt instruments. [2]: 208, s7.243 Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets may be difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates. [2]: 208–209, s7.246
The implications of this were to allow for £18 billion – £22 billion more of borrowing. [1] The Government's other fiscal rule is the Sustainable investment rule, which requires it to keep debt at a "prudent level". This is currently set at below 40% of GDP in each year of the current cycle.
NI is the firm's net income; D&A is the depreciation and amortisation; b is the debt ratio; Capex is the capital expenditure; ΔWC is the change in working capital; Net Borrowing is the difference between debt principals paid and raised; In this case, it is important not to include interest expense, as this is already figured into net income. [4]
The Public Sector Net Cash Requirement (PSNCR), formerly known as the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR), is the official term for the Government budget deficit in the United Kingdom, that is to say the rate at which the British Government must borrow money in order to maintain its financial commitments.
[1]: 208, s7.243 Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates. [1]: 208–209, s7.246 Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. [2]
A surplus balance represents a net savings or net financial asset building position (i.e., more money is flowing into the sector than is flowing out), while a deficit balance represents a net borrowing or net financial asset reducing position (i.e., more money is flowing out of the sector than is flowing into it).
The annual amount that the government must borrow to plug the gap in its finances used to be known as the public sector borrowing requirement, but is now called the Public Sector Net Cash Requirement (PSNCR). The PSNCR figure for the financial year end 2017 was £46 billion, [3] total British GDP in 2017 was £1.959 trillion. [23]
This fallacy seems to stem from a false analogy to borrowing by individuals. Current reality is almost the exact opposite. Deficits add to the net disposable income of individuals, to the extent that government disbursements that constitute income to recipients exceed that abstracted from disposable income in taxes, fees, and other charges.