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Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
Another class of medications known to occasionally cause itching is known as serotonin reuptake inhibitors. [3] Itching is one of the most frequent adverse effects of opioid therapy. [4] A common artificial colloid used in clinical fluid management is hydroxyethyl starch (HES).
A painful and itchy reddish/purple patch of skin that occurs in the same location with repeated exposures to the causative drug is the classic presentation of a fixed drug reaction. The lips, genitals, and hands are often involved.
Cirrhosis has many possible causes, and more than one cause may be present. History taking is of importance in trying to determine the most likely cause. [2] Globally, 57% of cirrhosis is attributable to either hepatitis B (30%) or hepatitis C (27%). [48] [49] Alcohol use disorder is another major cause, accounting for about 20–40% of the cases.
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis .
The treatment of chronic liver disease depends on the cause. Specific conditions may be treated with medications including corticosteroids , interferon , antivirals , bile acids or other drugs. Supportive therapy for complications of cirrhosis include diuretics , albumin , vitamin K , blood products , antibiotics and nutritional therapy.
Antipruritics, abirritants, [1] or anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit itching (Latin: pruritus).Itching is often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those from mosquitoes, fleas, mites, and contact dermatitis and urticaria caused by plants such as poison ivy (urushiol-induced contact dermatitis ...