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By comparing these schools with other successful or unsuccessful schools, Edmonds was able to identify characteristics which seemed essential to student success. [6] In 1979, Edmonds published "Effective Schools for the Urban Poor", outlining the following characteristics of effective schools: Strong administrative leadership. High expectations.
That is, the effective activities of instructional leaders, which affect student achievement and school performance, should be considered in the context of school and community environment. In this sense, the effort to measure the effects of instructional leadership without consideration of the school context might be avoided in empirical research.
Edmonds outlined six characteristics essential to effective schools, including: Strong administrative leadership. High expectations. An orderly atmosphere. Basic skills acquisition as the school’s primary purpose. Capacity to divert school energy and resources from other activities to advance the school’s basic purpose.
Effective school principals have been shown to significantly improve the performance of all students at the school, at least in part through their impacts on selection and retention of good teachers. Ineffective principals have a similarly large negative effect on school performance, suggesting that issues of evaluation are as important for ...
Other effective schools researchers were also able to identify schools where children mastered the curriculum, regardless of family background, race or socio-economics. [3] In 1991, Lezotte published Correlates of Effective Schools: The First and Second Generation, describing the "7 Correlates of Effective Schools" as: Instructional leadership.
The principal or school head is commonly thought to be the school leader; however, school leadership may include other persons, such as members of a formal leadership team and other persons who contribute toward the aims of the school. While school leadership or educational leadership have become popular as replacements for educational ...
Employee engagement depends on managers, and effective managers are committed to diversity. In a global survey of more than 50,000 employees, the Corporate Leadership Council found that employees’ commitment to their managers was a critical factor in engagement. The converse was also true: the manager was a crucial enabler of engagement.
The Difference Between Educational Management and Educational Leadership and the Importance of Educational Responsibility in Educational Management Administration & Leadership by Michael Connolly, Chris James and Michael Fertig. Theories of Educational Management and Leadership: A Review by Majid Ghasemy and Sufean Hussin.