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A typical incentive spirometer consists of an inhalation nozzle, which is seen facing toward the camera. The curved plastic on the left is a handle. The piston is in the middle (along with an adjustable mark to indicate a goal), and on the right side is a flow indicator showing whether the patient is inhaling too rapidly.
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The spirometry test is performed using a device called a spirometer, [2] which comes in several different varieties. Most spirometers display the following graphs, called spirograms: a volume-time curve, showing volume (litres) along the Y-axis and time (seconds) along the X-axis
Hutchinson published his paper about his water spirometer and the measurements he had taken from more than 4,000 subjects, [2] describing the direct relationship between vital capacity and height and the inverse relationship between vital capacity and age. He also showed that vital capacity does not relate to weight at any given height.
Output of a spirometer. Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
6 Spirometry Test Values and Flow ... PubMed provides review articles from the past five years (limit to free review ... I've found a "year-in-review" sort of article ...
A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration [1] of a living organism by measuring its rate of exchange of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide. [2] They allow investigation into how factors such as age, or chemicals affect the rate of respiration. [3]
Incentive salience is a cognitive process that grants a "desire" or "want" attribute, which includes a motivational component to a rewarding stimulus. [1] [2] [3] [9] Reward is the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces appetitive behavior – also known as approach behavior – and consummatory behavior. [3]