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  2. Landform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform

    Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as elevation, slope, orientation, structure stratification, rock exposure, and soil type.Gross physical features or landforms include intuitive elements such as berms, cliffs, hills, mounds, peninsulas, ridges, rivers, valleys, volcanoes, and numerous other structural and size-scaled (e.g. ponds vs. lakes, hills vs. mountains ...

  3. Glossary of landforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_landforms

    Narrows – Restricted land or water passage; Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander; Point bar – Landform related to streams and rivers; Plunge pool – Depression at the base of a waterfall; Pothole – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed; Rapids – River section with increased velocity and ...

  4. Hydrogeomorphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogeomorphology

    Hydrogeomorphology has been defined as “an interdisciplinary science that focuses on the interaction and linkage of hydrologic processes with landforms or earth materials and the interaction of geomorphic processes with surface and subsurface water in temporal and spatial dimensions.” [1] The term 'hydro-geomorphology’ designates the study of landforms caused by the action of water. [2]

  5. List of fluvial landforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fluvial_landforms

    Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil; Island – Piece of subcontinental land surrounded by water; Levee § Natural levees; Meander – One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream; Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander

  6. Stack (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(geology)

    Stacks are formed over time by wind and water, processes of coastal geomorphology. [2] They are formed when part of a headland is eroded by hydraulic action, which is the force of the sea or water crashing against the rock. The force of the water weakens cracks in the headland, causing them to later collapse, forming free-standing stacks and ...

  7. Kettle (landform) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_(landform)

    Kettle holes can also occur in ridge shaped deposits of loose rock fragments called till. [3] Kettle holes can form as the result of floods caused by the sudden drainage of an ice-dammed lake. These floods, called jökulhlaups, often rapidly deposit large quantities of sediment onto the sandur surface. The kettle holes are formed by the melting ...

  8. Channel (geography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_(geography)

    In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

  9. Natural arch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch

    The old riverbed is now higher than the present water level. Some natural bridges may look like arches, but they form in the path of streams that wear away and penetrate the rock. Pothole arches form by chemical weathering as water collects in natural depressions and eventually cuts through to the layer below.