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In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution, which in SI units is milligrams per liter ( mg / L ).
Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) is the calculated amount of oxygen required to oxidize a compound to its final oxidation products. [1] However, there are some differences between standard methods that can influence the results obtained: for example, some calculations assume that nitrogen released from organic compounds is generated as ammonia, whereas others allow for ammonia oxidation to ...
The Streeter–Phelps equation determines the relation between the dissolved oxygen concentration and the biological oxygen demand over time and is a solution to the linear first order differential equation [1]
BOD test bottles at the laboratory of a wastewater treatment plant. Biochemical oxygen demand (also known as BOD or biological oxygen demand) is an analytical parameter representing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic bacteria growing on the organic material present in a water sample at a specific temperature over a specific time period.
A value frequently used in the international literature for PE, which was based on a German publication, is 54 gram of BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) per person (or per capita or per inhabitant) per day. [1]: 65 [2] This has been adopted by many countries for design purposes but other values are also in use. For example, a commonly used ...
Where j L is the limiting current density (A/m 2), F is the Faraday's constant (96'485 C/mol), k d is the mass transfer coefficient (m/s), COD is the chemical oxygen demand for the organic pollutant (g/dm 3) and 8 is the oxygen equivalent mass. [29] According to this equation, the lower the COD the lower the corresponding limiting current.
3. Limit non-sleep activities. From our phones, friends, and work, to our favorite Netflix shows, we receive a lot of stimulation during the day.
To determine five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), several dilutions of a sample are analyzed for dissolved oxygen before and after a five-day incubation period at 20 °C in the dark. In some cases, bacteria are used to provide a standardized community to uptake oxygen while consuming the organic matter in the sample; these bacteria are ...