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Repeat orbit: An orbit where the ground track of the satellite repeats after a period of time. Gangale orbit: a solar orbit near Mars whose period is one Martian year, but whose eccentricity and inclination both differ from that of Mars such that a relay satellite in a Gangale orbit is visible from Earth even during solar conjunction. [28]
It may also refer to the time it takes a satellite orbiting a planet or moon to complete one orbit. For celestial objects in general, the orbital period is determined by a 360° revolution of one body around its primary, e.g. Earth around the Sun. Periods in astronomy are expressed in units of time, usually hours, days, or years.
The list for the year 2025 and for its subsequent years may contain planned launches, but the statistics will only include past launches. For the purpose of these lists, a spaceflight is defined as any flight that crosses the Kármán line , the FAI -recognized edge of space, which is 100 kilometres (62 miles) above mean sea level (AMSL) . [ 1 ]
First satellite in orbit. [5] USSR 4 October 1957 Earth: Sputnik 2: First animal in orbit, Laika, a dog. USSR 3 November 1957 Earth: Vanguard 1: Oldest satellite still in orbit, in addition to its upper launch stage. Expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmission in May 1964. USA 17 March 1958 Earth: Pioneer 1
The previous record of people in orbit was set in May 2023, when for a brief period of time there were 17 people aboard both the International Space Station and China’s Tiangong space station ...
The Tundra orbit is an eccentric geosynchronous orbit, which allows the satellite to spend most of its time dwelling over one high latitude location. It sits at an inclination of 63.4°, which is a frozen orbit, which reduces the need for stationkeeping. [23] At least two satellites are needed to provide continuous coverage over an area. [24]
Year Date Origin Name Launch vehicle Status Description Mass 1957 October 4 Soviet Union: Sputnik 1: Sputnik-PS: Success: The first human-made object to orbit Earth. 83.6 kg (183.9 lb) November 3 Soviet Union: Sputnik 2: Sputnik-PS: Success: The first satellite to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika. 508 kg (1,118 lb) December 6 US ...
First spacecraft to orbit one of the Moon's Lagrange point (L2). USA (NASA) ARTEMIS-P1 [62] 22 October 2010: First spacecraft to orbit the Moon's Lagrange 1 point. USA (NASA) ARTEMIS-P2 [62] 18 March 2011: First orbit of Mercury. USA (NASA) MESSENGER: 16 July 2011: First orbit of an object in the asteroid belt . USA (NASA) Dawn: 6 August 2012