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A ceramic flux functions by promoting partial or complete liquefaction. [1] [2] The most commonly used fluxing oxides in a ceramic glaze contain lead, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, strontium, and manganese. These are introduced to the raw glaze as compounds, for example lead as lead oxide.
The glaze has to be subject to very high temperatures to bond to the paste, and only a very limited number of colors can stand this process. Blue was commonly used under the glaze and other colors over the glaze, both in China and in Europe, as with English Royal Worcester ware. [13] Most pieces use only one of underglaze or overglaze painting ...
In French faience, the in-glaze technique is known as grand feu ("big fire") and the one using enamels as petit feu ("little fire"). [4] Most styles in this group, such as Delftware , mostly used blue and white pottery decoration, but Italian maiolica was fully polychrome, using the range of in- and underglaze colours available.
A Christmas tree inside a home, with the top of the tree containing a decoration symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem. [18]The Christmas tree was first used by German Lutherans in the 16th century, with records indicating that a Christmas tree was placed in the Cathedral of Strassburg in 1539, under the leadership of the Protestant Reformer, Martin Bucer.
In combination with chromium compounds addition of 0.5 - 1.5% tin oxide to a glaze result in a pink colour, with such glazes being known as Chrome-tin pinks. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] In conjunction with small additions of zinc oxide and titanium oxide, additions of tin oxide up to 18% to lead glazes can produce a satin or vellum surface finish. [ 31 ]
Ash glaze was the first glaze used in East Asia, and contained only ash, clay, and water. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] One of the ceramic fluxes in ash glazes is calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime, and most ash glazes are part of the lime glaze family, not all of which use ash.
Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimize the adherence of pollutants. [1] Glazing renders earthenware impermeable to water, sealing the inherent porosity of earthenware. It also gives a tougher surface.
Decoration by underglaze painted patterns had long been a feature of Chinese pottery, especially in the popular Cizhou ware (mostly using black over slip), but was perhaps regarded as rather vulgar by the court and the literati class, and the finest ceramics were monochrome, using an understated aesthetic with perfect shapes and subtle glaze ...
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