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  2. Hydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate

    Protein crystals commonly have as much as 50% water content. Molecules are also labeled as hydrates for historical reasons not covered above. Glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6, was originally thought of as C 6 (H 2 O) 6 and described as a carbohydrate. Hydrate formation is common for active ingredients. Many manufacturing processes provide an opportunity ...

  3. Water of crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_of_crystallization

    Crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate consist of [Cu(H 2 O) 4] 2+ centers linked to SO 2− 4 ions. Copper is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, provided by two different sulfate groups and four molecules of water.

  4. Mineral hydration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_hydration

    In inorganic chemistry, mineral hydration is a reaction which adds water to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, commonly called a hydrate.. In geological terms, the process of mineral hydration is known as retrograde alteration and is a process occurring in retrograde metamorphism.

  5. Category:Hydrate minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrate_minerals

    This page was last edited on 1 December 2024, at 08:38 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.

  6. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    A crystal's crystallographic forms are sets of possible faces of the crystal that are related by one of the symmetries of the crystal. For example, crystals of galena often take the shape of cubes, and the six faces of the cube belong to a crystallographic form that displays one of the symmetries of the isometric crystal system. Galena also ...

  7. Clathrate hydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_hydrate

    Methane clathrate block embedded in the sediment of hydrate ridge, off Oregon, USA. Clathrate hydrates, or gas hydrates, clathrates, or hydrates, are crystalline water-based solids physically resembling ice, in which small non-polar molecules (typically gases) or polar molecules with large hydrophobic moieties are trapped inside "cages" of hydrogen bonded, frozen water molecules.

  8. Barium borate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_borate

    The crystals exist in the high-temperature α phase and low-temperature β phase, abbreviated as BBO; both phases are birefringent, and BBO is a common nonlinear optical material. Barium borate was discovered and developed by Chen Chuangtian and others of the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences .

  9. Hydration number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydration_number

    For charged species, the orientation of water molecules around the solute dependent on its radius and charge, [1] with cations attracting water’s electronegative oxygen and anions attracting the hydrogens. Uncharged compounds such as methane can also be solvated by water and also have a hydration number.