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  2. Prospect theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospect_theory

    A revised version, called cumulative prospect theory overcame this problem by using a probability weighting function derived from rank-dependent expected utility theory. Cumulative prospect theory can also be used for infinitely many or even continuous outcomes (for example, if the outcome can be any real number). An alternative solution to ...

  3. Sunk cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunk_cost

    A common example of a sunk cost for a business is the promotion of a brand name. This type of marketing incurs costs that cannot normally be recovered [citation needed]. It is not typically possible to later "demote" one's brand names in exchange for cash [citation needed]. A second example is research and development (R&D) costs.

  4. Classical central-force problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Classical_central-force_problem

    Examples include gravity and electromagnetism as described by Newton's law of universal gravitation and Coulomb's law, respectively. The problem is also important because some more complicated problems in classical physics (such as the two-body problem with forces along the line connecting the two bodies) can be reduced to a central-force problem.

  5. I.C. Golaknath and Ors. v. State of Punjab and Anrs. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I.C._Golaknath_and_Ors._v...

    It was in this case that the then Chief Justice Koka Subba Rao had first invoked the doctrine of prospective overruling. He had taken import from American law where jurists like George F. Canfield, Robert Hill Freeman, John Henry Wigmore and Benjamin N. Cardozo had considered this doctrine to be an effective judicial tool. In the words of ...

  6. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

    In philosophy, Occam's razor (also spelled Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: novacula Occami) is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching for explanations constructed with the smallest possible set of elements. It is also known as the principle of parsimony or the law of parsimony (Latin: lex parsimoniae).

  7. Conflict of interest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_of_interest

    It is not unusual in the current legal environment of large multinational and global law firms for the firms to seek advance or prospective waivers of future conflicts from their clients. [40] A law firm is particularly likely to seek a prospective waiver when a large corporation seeks the specialized knowledge of the firm in a small matter ...

  8. Policy analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_analysis

    Policy Analysis is the process of identifying potential policy options that could address your problem and then comparing those options to choose the most effective, efficient, and feasible one. The areas of interest and the purpose of analysis determine what types of analysis are conducted.

  9. Hold-up problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold-up_problem

    A historic example concerns the US car industry, but the example is sharply disputed by Coase (2000). [5] Fisher Body had an exclusive contract with General Motors (GM) to supply car body parts and so Fisher Body was the only company to deliver the components according to GM's specifications. In 1920, a sharp increase in demand occurred that ...