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In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for an intended load.Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.
On May 10, 1993, the four-story Kader Toy Factory in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand collapsed after fire broke out on the first floor and spread throughout the complex. The factory was in full production at the time and all fire exits were locked. The collapse killed 188 people and injured more than 500 others. The building was a steel-frame design. [10]
Stairwells, shafts, elevators, and the like, tend to contribute to the stack effect, while interior partitions, floors, and fire separations can mitigate it. Especially in case of fire, the stack effect needs to be controlled to prevent the spread of smoke and fire, and to maintain tenable conditions for occupants and firefighters. [2]
A home lift not to be confused with a home elevator is a type of lift specifically designed for private homes, where the design takes into consideration the following four factors: 1. Compact design in view of the limitations of space in a private residence, 2. Usage of the lift restricted primarily to the residents of the private homes, 3.
Fire safety equipment at a construction site in China Property loss caused by arson. Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce destruction caused by fire.Fire safety measures include those that are intended to prevent the ignition of an uncontrolled fire and those that are used to limit the spread and impact of a fire.
Some safety organizations provide guidance on safety-related systems, for example the Health and Safety Executive in the United Kingdom. [6] Risks of this sort are usually managed with the methods and tools of safety engineering. A safety-critical system is designed to lose less than one life per billion (10 9) hours of operation.
[2] [3] When creating the fire escape plan, it is best to have a layout that shows each room and potential escape route in the home. The escape plan should be explained to children and care taken that they recognize the sound of the fire alarm and know to check the door for heat and how to stay low to the ground. [4]
The elevators in a skyscraper are not simply a necessary utility like running water and electricity, but are in fact closely related to the design of the whole structure. A taller building requires more elevators to service the additional floors, but the elevator shafts consume valuable floor space.
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related to: factor of safety for elevators in homes due to fire