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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (/ ˈ l ɒr ən t s /, LORR-ənts; Dutch: [ˈɦɛndrɪk ˈloːrɛnts]; 18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for his theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect.
If a Lorentz covariant 4-vector is measured in one inertial frame with result , and the same measurement made in another inertial frame (with the same orientation and origin) gives result ′, the two results will be related by ′ = where the boost matrix () represents the rotation-free Lorentz transformation between the unprimed and primed ...
Lorentz force acting on fast-moving charged particles in a bubble chamber.Positive and negative charge trajectories curve in opposite directions. In physics, specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.
The equations are free of the constants ε 0 and μ 0 that are present in the SI system. (In addition ε 0 and μ 0 are overdetermined, because ε 0 μ 0 = 1 / c 2.) The below points are true in both Heaviside–Lorentz and Gaussian systems, but not SI.
In physics and mathematics, the Lorentz group is the group of all Lorentz transformations of Minkowski spacetime, the classical and quantum setting for all (non-gravitational) physical phenomena. The Lorentz group is named for the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz. For example, the following laws, equations, and theories respect Lorentz symmetry:
Hendrik Lorentz. The Lorentz ether theory, which was developed mainly between 1892 and 1906 by Lorentz and Poincaré, was based on the aether theory of Augustin-Jean Fresnel, Maxwell's equations and the electron theory of Rudolf Clausius.
In the fundamental branches of modern physics, namely general relativity and its widely applicable subset special relativity, as well as relativistic quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory, the Lorentz transformation is the transformation rule under which all four-vectors and tensors containing physical quantities transform from one frame of reference to another.
The model is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. It is a classical , phenomenological model for materials with characteristic resonance frequencies (or other characteristic energy scales) for optical absorption, e.g. ionic and molecular vibrations , interband transitions (semiconductors), phonons , and collective excitations.