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Simulated annealing (SA) is a probabilistic technique for approximating the global optimum of a given function. Specifically, it is a metaheuristic to approximate global optimization in a large search space for an optimization problem. For large numbers of local optima, SA can find the global optimum. [1]
Despite the many local maxima in this graph, the global maximum can still be found using simulated annealing. Unfortunately, the applicability of simulated annealing is problem-specific because it relies on finding lucky jumps that improve the position. In such extreme examples, hill climbing will most probably produce a local maximum.
However, hill climbing does not guarantee finding global optimum solutions. Many metaheuristic ideas were proposed to improve local search heuristic in order to find better solutions. Such metaheuristics include simulated annealing, tabu search, iterated local search, variable neighborhood search, and GRASP. [4]
Hill climbing algorithms can only escape a plateau by doing changes that do not change the quality of the assignment. As a result, they can be stuck in a plateau where the quality of assignment has a local maxima. GSAT (greedy sat) was the first local search algorithm for satisfiability, and is a form of hill climbing.
The Great deluge algorithm (GD) is a generic algorithm applied to optimization problems. It is similar in many ways to the hill-climbing and simulated annealing algorithms.. The name comes from the analogy that in a great deluge a person climbing a hill will try to move in any direction that does not get his/her feet wet in the hope of finding a way up as the water level rises.
This local-optima problem can be cured by using restarts (repeated local search with different initial conditions), randomization, or more complex schemes based on iterations, like iterated local search, on memory, like reactive search optimization, on memory-less stochastic modifications, like simulated annealing.
simulated annealing by S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt and M. P. Vecchi (1983) [10] quantum annealing; Probability Collectives by D.H ... stochastic hill climbing; swarm ...
Tabu search has several similarities with simulated annealing, as both involve possible downhill moves. In fact, simulated annealing could be viewed as a special form of TS, whereby we use "graduated tenure", that is, a move becomes tabu with a specified probability.