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Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but rather as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores (such as sphalerite) and in bauxite. Elemental gallium is a liquid at temperatures greater than 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), and will melt in a person's hands at normal human body temperature of 37.0 °C (98.6 °F).
[169] [170] Hafnium was the last stable element to be discovered (noting however the difficulties regarding the discovery of rhenium). 43 Technetium: 1937 C. Perrier and E. Segrè: 1937 C. Perrier & E. Segrè The two discovered a new element in a molybdenum sample that was used in a cyclotron, the first element to be discovered by synthesis. It ...
The element was obtained as free metal by Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who named it after his native land France. Allegations were later made that he had also named it for himself, as gallus is Latin for le coq ("rooster"), but he denied that this had been his intention. [27] · Former name eka-aluminium by Mendeleev, who predicted its existence. [21]
He even predicted the likely properties of three yet-to-be-discovered elements, which he called ekaboron (Eb), ekaaluminium (Ea), and ekasilicon (Es), which proved to be good predictors of the properties of scandium, gallium, and germanium, respectively, which each fill the spot in the periodic table assigned by Mendeleev.
To give provisional names to his predicted elements, Dmitri Mendeleev used the prefixes eka- / ˈ iː k ə-/, [note 1] dvi- or dwi-, and tri-, from the Sanskrit names of digits 1, 2, and 3, [3] depending upon whether the predicted element was one, two, or three places down from the known element of the same group in his table.
A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard temperature and pressure; [a] the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. [b]
Galinstan is a brand name for an alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin which melts at −19 °C (−2 °F) and is thus liquid at room temperature. [4] [5] In scientific literature, galinstan is also used to denote the eutectic alloy of gallium, indium, and tin, which melts at around +11 °C (52 °F). [5]
Rubidium is the first alkali metal in the group to have a density higher than water. On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes : 72% is a stable isotope 85 Rb, and 28% is slightly radioactive 87 Rb, with a half-life of 48.8 billion years – more than three times as long as the estimated age of the universe .