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Unlike more common chemical peels—like alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) ones, which typically include glycolic acid—phenol peels penetrate much deeper into the skin and should never be done at home ...
Hyperpigmentation can appear like one area of the skin is darker than the skin around it and occurs when there is an excess of melanin, which provides pigmentation to the skin.
This is the mildest of the peel formulas and produces light peels for treatment of fine wrinkles, areas of dryness, uneven pigmentation and acne. Alpha hydroxy acids can also be mixed with facial washes, serums or creams in lesser concentrations as part of a daily skin-care regimen to improve the skin's texture.
Another 2017 review found that evidence to support its use was insufficient. [14] Azelaic acid may be a second-line option for melasma. [15] A number of types of laser treatments have been used in melasma with some evidence of benefit. [16] Reoccurrence is common, and certain types of lasers can result in more pigmentation. [16]
Changes in pigmentation frequently occur following thermal burns and freezing. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is prevalent in minor burns, but postinflammatory hypopigmentation can occur in severe burns. [6] In addition, postinflammatory hypopigmentation is another potential side effect of chemical peels.
Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis . Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair.
Adapalene Gel, sold in trade name Differin in China. Adapalene, sold under the brand name Differin among others, is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions. [6]
These peels only affect the epidermal layer of the skin and can be useful in the treatment of superficial acne scars as well as skin pigmentation changes from inflammatory acne. [33] Higher concentrations of trichloroacetic acid (30–40%) are considered to be medium-strength peels and affect the skin as deep as the papillary dermis. [33]
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