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The Red Sea Rift is a mid-ocean ridge between two tectonic plates, the African plate and the Arabian plate. It extends from the Dead Sea Transform fault system, and ends at an intersection with the Aden Ridge and the East African Rift , forming the Afar triple junction in the Afar Depression of the Horn of Africa .
The Red Sea water mass-exchanges its water with the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean via the Gulf of Aden. These physical factors reduce the effect of high salinity caused by evaporation in the north and relatively hot water in the south. [27] The climate of the Red Sea is the result of two monsoon seasons: a northeasterly monsoon and a southwesterly ...
The Red Sea Gulf of the Aden split open during the Pliocene and early Pleistocene epochs. During these epochs, the Danakil Horst experienced an uplift of its southern prolongation. Analysis of plate tectonics at the triple junction region shows extension rates between 1 mm and 3 mm annually. Earthquake epicenters are focused along the ...
The opening of the Red Sea rift led to volcanic activity. There are volcanic fields called the Older Harrats, such as Harrat Khaybar and Harrat Rahat , cover parts of the western Arabian plate. Some activity still continues especially around Medina , [ 6 ] and there are regular eruptions within the Red Sea.
A simplified geologic map of the Afar Depression. The Afar Depression is the product of a tectonic triple-rifts junction (the Afar triple junction), where the spreading ridges forming the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden emerge on land and meet the East African Rift. The conjunction of these three plates of Earth's crust is near Lake Abbe.
The Red Sea Hills preserve gneiss, metamorphosed to amphibolite grade in the sequence of metamorphic facies and metasediments together with ophiolite assemblages. Fragments of the East Saharan Craton form exotic terranes near Haya, southwest of Port Sudan in the Red Sea Hills.
Coral reef – Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons; Cove – Small sheltered bay or coastal inlet; Cuspate foreland – Geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores; Dune system – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
Red Sea Hills in Egypt Closer view of the arid, rocky Red Sea Hills. Itbāy (Arabic: اطبيه) or ʿAtbāy is a region of southeastern Egypt and northeastern Sudan. It is characterized by a chain of mountains, the Red Sea Hills, running north–south and parallel with the Red Sea. The hills separate the narrow coastal plain from the Eastern ...