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The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). [ 1 ] The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure .
The iodide is regenerated, meaning the reaction runs with the iodide/hypoiodite as a catalyst in the presence of excess of the original strong oxidizing agent. Ammonium hypoiodites are capable of oxidizing benzylic methyl groups, [ 2 ] initiating oxidative dearomatization , [ 3 ] and oxidative decarboxylation of β-keto lactones . [ 4 ]
As the group 2 elements (also referred to as the alkaline earth metals) contain two valence electrons, their chemistries have similarities group 12 organometallic compounds. Both readily assume a +2 oxidation states with higher and lower states being rare, and are less electronegative than carbon.
Aliphatic hypoiodites can be synthesized through a variant on the Williamson ether synthesis: an alkoxide reacts with iodine monochloride, releasing the alkyl hypoiodite and chloride. [11] Alternatively, the Meyer-Hartmann reaction applies: a silver alkoxide reacts with elemental iodine to give the hypoiodite and silver iodide.
Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust [13] and the fourth most common element in the Earth (after iron, oxygen and silicon), making up 13% of the planet's mass and a large fraction of the planet's mantle. It is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater, after sodium and chlorine. [14]
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As a collective whole, simple halide minerals (containing fluorine through iodine, alkali metals, alkaline Earth metals, in addition to other metals/cations) occur abundantly at the surface of the Earth in a variety of geologic settings. More complex minerals as shown below are also found. [6]
[citation needed] This includes hypoiodite, hypobromite and hypochlorite. In hypofluorite (oxyfluoride) the fluorine atom is in a −1 oxidation state. Hypohalites are also encountered in organic chemistry, often as acyl hypohalites (see the Hunsdiecker reaction). Sodium hypohalite is used in the haloform reaction as a test for methyl ketones. [1]