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The first successful artificial silks were developed in the 1890s of cellulose fiber and marketed as art silk or viscose, a trade name for a specific manufacturer. [3] In the 1910s and 1920s, several manufacturers of viscose competed in Europe and the United States to produce what was frequently called artificial silk.
The flag is made of dark red silk or taffeta (xanthocellulose artificial silk) and has in its center a black two-headed eagle, stylized in the shape of the same eagle used by the provisional government, since a national flag had not yet been formalized. On one side of the flag there are three metal rings, which serve to tie the flag to the handle.
Rayon, also called viscose [1] and commercialised in some countries as sabra silk or cactus silk, [2] is a semi-synthetic fiber [3] made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. [4] It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. Many types and grades of viscose fibers and films exist.
The next step was taken by Hilaire de Chardonnet, a French engineer and industrialist, who invented the first artificial silk, which he called "Chardonnet silk". In the late 1870s, Chardonnet was working with Louis Pasteur on a remedy to the epidemic that was destroying French silkworms.
Fremery and Urban decided to start making artificial silk (Glanzstoff), and patented a version of the Despeissis process with the addition of a practical method for spinning the fiber. They filed the patent under the name of Dr. Hermann Pauly (1870–1950) [ b ] so as not to alert their competitors.
J. P. Bemberg began to produce artificial textile fiber commercially using the cuprammonium process in 1897. [4] The company went public as J. P. Bemberg AG in 1903. [2] In 1901 Dr Edmund Thiele developed a stretch-spinning system for J. P. Bemberg, which began to produce fine-filament artificial silk under the Bemberg® trademark in 1908. [5]
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Louis-Marie Hilaire Bernigaud de Grange, Count (Comte) de Chardonnet (1 May 1839 – 11 March 1924) was a French engineer and industrialist from Besançon, and inventor of artificial silk. In the late 1870s, Chardonnet was working with Louis Pasteur on a remedy to the epidemic that was destroying French silkworms .