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2. Mental calculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_calculation

   Observe that there is a pattern in the rightmost digit: adding and subtracting with 1 or 3. Starting from zero: 0 3 = 0; 1 3 = 1 up 1; 2 3 = 8 down 3; 3 3 = 27 down 1; 4 3 = 64 down 3; 5 3 = 125 up 1; 6 3 = 216 up 1; 7 3 = 343 down 3; 8 3 = 512 down 1; 9 3 = 729 down 3; 10 3 = 1000 up 1; There are two steps to extracting the cube root from the ...

3. Mental calculator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_calculator

   The Mental Calculation World Cup is considered the most challenging and respected international competition that attempts to find the world's best mental calculator, and also the best at specific types of mental calculation, such as addition, multiplication, square root or calendar reckoning. The Mental Calculation World Cup is arranged every ...

4. Prime power - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_power

   In mathematics, a prime power is a positive integer which is a positive integer power of a single prime number.For example: 7 = 7 1, 9 = 3 2 and 64 = 2 6 are prime powers, while 6 = 2 × 3, 12 = 2 2 × 3 and 36 = 6 2 = 2 2 × 3 2 are not.

5. Primorial prime - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primorial_prime

   If either p n # + 1 or p n # − 1 is a primorial prime, it means that there are larger primes than the nth prime (if neither is a prime, that also proves the infinitude of primes, but less directly; each of these two numbers has a remainder of either p − 1 or 1 when divided by any of the first n primes, and hence all its prime factors are ...

6. Primorial - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primorial

   In mathematics, and more particularly in number theory, primorial, denoted by "p n #", is a function from natural numbers to natural numbers similar to the factorial function, but rather than successively multiplying positive integers, the function only multiplies prime numbers.

7. Prime-counting function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime-counting_function

   In mathematics, the prime-counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number x. [1] [2] It is denoted by π(x) (unrelated to the number π). A symmetric variant seen sometimes is π 0 (x), which is equal to π(x) − 1 ⁄ 2 if x is exactly a prime number, and equal to π(x) otherwise.

8. Primality test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primality_test

   This means that, for n up to 2.5 × 10 10, if 2 n −1 (modulo n) equals 1, then n is prime, unless n is one of these 21853 pseudoprimes. Some composite numbers (Carmichael numbers) have the property that a n − 1 is 1 (modulo n) for every a that is coprime to n. The smallest example is n = 561 = 3·11·17, for which a 560 is 1 (modulo 561 ...

9. Prime (symbol) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_(symbol)

   The triple prime ‴, as used in watchmaking, represents a ligne (1 ⁄ 12 of a "French" inch, or pouce, about 2.26 millimetres or 0.089 inches). [3] Primes are also used for angles. The prime symbol ′ is used for arcminutes (1 ⁄ 60 of a degree), and the double prime ″ for arcseconds (1 ⁄ 60 of an arcminute). [4]