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The Singapore Medical Association (abbreviated SMA) is a professional association representing the interests of medical professionals in Singapore. It was established on September 15, 1959, replacing the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association. [2] As of 2020, it had over 8,200 members. [3]
The respiratory system is the most common system to be affected and the complications are the leading cause of death in SMA types 0/1 and 2. SMA type 3 can have similar respiratory problems, but it is more rare. [24] Complications arise due to weakened intercostal muscles because of the lack of stimulation from the nerve.
Based on the type of muscles affected, spinal muscular atrophies can be divided into: [citation needed] Proximal spinal muscular atrophies , i.e., conditions that affect primarily proximal muscles; Distal spinal muscular atrophies (which significantly overlap with distal hereditary motor neuronopathies ) where they affect primarily distal muscles.
Cause of death % of total deaths 1: Cancer: 29.1 2: Pneumonia: 20.1 3: Ischaemic heart diseases: 18.5 4: Cerebrovascular disease (including stroke) 6.3 5: External causes of morbidity and mortality: 4.0 6: Hypertensive diseases (including hypertensive heart disease) 3.4 7: Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis: 2.4 8: Urinary tract ...
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), popularly known as Kennedy's disease, is a rare, adult-onset, X-linked recessive lower motor neuron disease caused by trinucleotide CAG repeat expansions in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which results in both loss of AR function and toxic gain of function.
Only 12 known human families are described in scientific literature to have SMA-PME. [2] SMA-PME is associated with a missense mutation (c.125C→T) or deletion in exon 2 of the ASAH1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. [3] SMA-PME is closely related to a lysosomal disorder disease called Farber lipogranulomatosis. [4]
Singapore, the city state of 5.7 million people has seemingly weathered the COVID-19 storm better than anywhere else in the world, with a death rate of only 0.05% - way lower than the global ...
While research establishing an official mortality rate may not exist, two recent studies of SMA syndrome patients, one published in 2006 looking at 22 cases [11] and one in 2012 looking at 80 cases, [19] show mortality rates of 0% [11] and 6.3%, [19] respectively. According to the doctors in one of these studies, the expected outcome for SMA ...