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After the administrative reform in 1997, the last change happened since then took place in 1999, when parts of North Kazakhstan that originally belonged to Kokshetau region became part of Akmola. The 1990s merges were in order to dilute the Russian population in the resulting region and to avoid having regions where Russians form a majority. [6]
Official estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 20,182,003 as of August 2024, of which 62.7% is urban and 37.3% is rural population. [13] In a report released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) in September 2021, the level of urbanization in Kazakhstan is estimated to reach 69.1% by 2050.
Throughout history, peoples on the territory of modern Kazakhstan had nomadic lifestyle, which developed and influenced Kazakh culture. Human activity in the region began with the extinct Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus one million–800,000 years ago in the Karatau Mountains and the Caspian and Balkhash areas.
Kazakhstan, [d] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, [e] is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a small portion situated in Eastern Europe. [f] It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea.
4 History of Kazakhstan. ... Kazakhstan is a region or subregion of: ... Population of Kazakhstan: 18,177,700 – 62nd most populous country;
Rank Region HDI (2022) Very high human development 1: Almaty: 0.831 2: Karaganda Region: 0.823 3: Akmola Region, Kostanay Region, Pavlodar Region, North Kazakhstan Region: 0.816 – Kazakhstan
Rank Region GDP (mil. KZT) GDP (mil. US$) GDP per capita (KZT) GDP per capita (US$) 1 Almaty 19,154,537 41,485 8,985,600 19,461 2 Atyrau Region: 13,725,400
The gravest environmental threat to Kazakhstan comes from radiation, especially in the Semey (Semipalatinsk) region of the northeast, where the Soviet Union tested almost 500 nuclear weapons, 116 of them above ground. Often, such tests were conducted without evacuating or even alerting the local population.