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Some historians use the terms Danube Bulgaria, [13] First Bulgarian State, [14] [15] or First Bulgarian Tsardom (Empire). Between 681 and 864 the country is also called by modern historians as the Bulgarian Khanate, [16] or the Bulgar Khaganate, [17] from the Turkic title of khan/khagan borne by its rulers.
The Khanate of Kazan [a] was a Tatar state that occupied the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.
Henceforth Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde. It was divided into several principalities; each of them became a vassal of the Golden Horde and received some autonomy. By the 1430s, the Khanate of Kazan was established as the most important of these principalities. [31]
A khanate or khaganate is a type of historic polity ruled by a khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. [1] [2] Khanates were typically nomadic Turkic, Tatar and Mongol societies located on the Eurasian Steppe, [3] [4] [5] politically equivalent in status to kinship-based chiefdoms and feudal monarchies.
Bulgarian Empire may refer to: First Bulgarian Empire, medieval Bulgarian state that existed from 681 to 1018; Second Bulgarian Empire, medieval Bulgarian state that ...
After the collapse of Mongol rule in the region, much of the old Volga Bulgarian state became part of the new Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552), which in many ways was a continuation of Volga Bulgaria. [1] The rulers of the Khanate of Kazan are listed in the separate list of Kazan khans.
In the Nominalia the Bezmer (c. 665–668) was the last Dulo ruler on the northern side of Danube river (of the Old Great Bulgaria), while the Asparukh (c. 681–701) was the first from the southern side of the river (First Bulgarian Empire).
Simeon I (893–927) was the first Bulgarian ruler to rule as tsar.His official title translates to "Emperor of the Bulgarians and the Romans". Evidence concerning the titles used by the rulers of the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018) prior to the conversion to Christianity in the 860s is scant.