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A retrospective study found that prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders was 1.5% among a random sample of neurological patients, with a MS:NMOSD ratio of 42:7. Among 13 NMOSD patients, 77% had long spinal cord lesions, 38% had severe optic neuritis, and 23% had brain or brainstem lesions. Only 56% had clinically definite NMO at ...
Anti-AQP4 diseases, are a group of diseases characterized by auto-antibodies against aquaporin 4.. After the discovery of anti-AQP4 autoantibody in neuromyelitis optica, it was found that it was also present in some patients with other clinically defined diseases, including multiple sclerosis variants like optic-spinal MS.
After the discovery of anti-AQP4 auto-antibodies there are two kinds of Optic-Spinal MS (OSMS): Anti-AQP4 positive OSMS or Neuromyelitis optica; Anti-AQP4 negative OSMS, currently idiopathic, considered inside the Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system spectrum.
Most patients are seronegative for NMO-IgG and GFAP, biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica. [3] ANA, indicative of autoimmune optic neuropathy, is also generally negative. [3] CSF can also be evaluated for oligoclonal bands typical of multiple sclerosis, which will not be present in CRION. [1]
Several conditions can mimic MS. Given the unknown pathogenesis of MS, its differential diagnosis is based in exclusion of known conditions. [citation needed] Very close diseases with similar symptoms are the whole "inflammatory demyelinating diseases spectrum", specially neuromyelitis optica and anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis. [citation ...
The most common cause is multiple sclerosis (MS) or ischemic optic neuropathy due to thrombosis or embolism of the vessel that supplies the optic nerve. [13] [14] Up to 50% of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20–30% of the time optic neuritis is the presenting sign of MS.
This disease is considered one of the borderline forms of multiple sclerosis because some authors consider them different diseases and others MS variants. Other diseases in this group are neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Balo concentric sclerosis and Marburg multiple sclerosis. [4]
Brain lesions associated with a clinically isolated syndrome may be indicative of several neurological diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica. In order for such a diagnosis , multiple sites in the central nervous system must present lesions, typically over multiple episodes, and for which no other diagnosis is likely.