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A superior laryngeal nerve palsy changes the pitch of the voice and causes an inability to make explosive sounds due to paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle. If no recovery is evident three months after the palsy initially presents, the damage is most likely to be permanent.
Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory Testing (FEESST), is essentially a Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) procedure with a formal sensory test (also known as laryngopharyngeal sensory testing) protocol included used to elicit the Laryngeal Adductor Reflex (LAR) directly using air pulses or direct touch with an endoscope.
Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. The RLN is important for speaking, breathing and swallowing.
Its lateral thinner portions are pierced by the superior laryngeal vessels and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. [1] Its anterior surface is in relation with the thyrohyoid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, and omohyoid muscles, and with the body of the hyoid bone. It is pierced by the superior laryngeal nerve. [2]
The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle can be supplied by branches from the pharyngeal plexus, [4] the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, or a combination of these (the recurrent laryngeal nerve being the most common innervation of the cricopharyngeal part). [5]
The internal laryngeal nerve supplies sensation to the area, and it may become damaged if the mucous membrane is inadvertently punctured. The pyriform sinus is a subsite of the hypopharynx . This distinction is important for head and neck cancer staging and treatment.
Nerve: External branch of superior laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus nerve) Actions: Tension and elongation of the vocal folds: Identifiers; Latin: musculus cricothyroideus: TA98: A06.2.08.001: TA2: 2193: FMA: 46417: Anatomical terms of muscle
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle receives motor innervation from (the anterior division of) the recurrent laryngeal nerve (itself a branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)). [2] [5] Different parts of the muscle (such as the medial and lateral muscle bellies) are often innervated by separate branches. [2] There may be 1-6 branches, but are usually 2-3.