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In English, completed actions in many contexts are referred to using the simple past verb form rather than the present perfect. English also has a present perfect continuous (or present perfect progressive) form, which combines present tense with both perfect aspect and continuous (progressive) aspect: "I have been eating". The action is not ...
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The aorist participle represents the first event of a two-event sequence and the present participle represents an ongoing event at the time of another event. [25] Perfect verbs stood for past actions if the result is still present (e.g. 'I have found it') or for present states resulting from a past event (e.g. 'I remember').
The present perfect is often used also for completed events where English would use the simple past. For details see Italian grammar. Spanish uses haber ("have") as the auxiliary with all verbs. The "present perfect" form is called the pretérito perfecto and is used similarly to the English present
The present perfect may also be used with future reference, instead of the future perfect, in those dependent clauses where future occurrence is denoted by present tense (see § Dependent clauses below). For example: When you have written it, show it to me. For the possibility of a present perfect subjunctive, see English subjunctive.
There is a perfect infinitive (to) have written and a perfect progressive infinitive (to) have been writing, and corresponding present participle/gerund forms having written and having been writing. A perfect subjunctive (have written) is also sometimes used. Future and conditional perfect forms are given below.
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Present perfect meaning. The perfect active can also be used like the English present perfect ('I have done'): [105] ecum et mūlum Brundisī tibī relīquī (Cicero) [106] 'I have left a horse and a mule for you at Brundisium' nunc quidem iam abiit pestilentia (Cicero) [107] 'the epidemic has now gone away' hīs dē rēbus scrīpsī ad ...