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Ferdinand VII (Spanish: Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813 he was known as el Deseado (the Desired), and after, as el Rey Felón (the Criminal King).
On 11 December 1831, following direct orders from Ferdinand VII and without any sort of trial, José María Torrijos was executed on the beach of Málaga, together with other companions (such as Manuel Flores Calderón and Francisco Fernández Golfín), including both military and civilians. [2] The painting depicts the scene.
Portrait of Ferdinand VII is an 1815 portrait painting by Francisco Goya depicting Ferdinand VII of Spain. [1] [2] It depicts the King wearing his robes of state.From 1808 to 1813 Ferdinand had been a prisoner of the French Empire, held at the Château de Valençay after being deposed in favour of Napoleon's brother Joseph Bonaparte.
Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the 1812 constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced ...
1820 print depicting the Cortes Generales. King Ferdinand VII provoked widespread unrest, particularly in the army, by refusing to accept the liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812. The King sought to reclaim the Spanish colonies in the Americas that had recently revolted successfully, consequently depriving Spain from an important source of revenue.
The Duke of Angoulême, commander of the invading French forces, establishes a regency in Madrid on behalf of Ferdinand VII who remains a captive of the Spanish government; The Catholic Association, a campaign for religious emancipation, begins in Ireland at a meeting of 13 people at a bookseller's house on Capel Street in Dublin. [7]
On 22 February 1816 marriage contracts between Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Isabel were officially signed; they would soon marry 29 September 1816. [1] Ferdinand was 32 years old and Maria Isabel was 19. Towards the end 1816 Maria Isabel and Ferdinand were married, and then settled in Madrid. There, Maria Isabel was then quickly pregnant.
Ferdinand VII had become king after the victorious end of the Peninsular War, by which Spain defeated Napoleonic France.He returned to Spain on 24 March 1814 and his first act was the abolition of the 1812 liberal constitution; this was followed by the dissolution of the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May.