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m s −2 [L][T] −2: Spatial position Position of a point in space, not necessarily a point on the wave profile or any line of propagation d, r: m [L] Wave profile displacement Along propagation direction, distance travelled (path length) by one wave from the source point r 0 to any point in space d (for longitudinal or transverse waves) L, d, r
Examples of pulse shapes: (a) rectangular pulse, (b) cosine squared (raised cosine) pulse, (c) Dirac pulse, (d) sinc pulse, (e) Gaussian pulse A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
A modulated wave resulting from adding two sine waves of identical amplitude and nearly identical wavelength and frequency. A common situation resulting in an envelope function in both space x and time t is the superposition of two waves of almost the same wavelength and frequency: [2]
There are many kinds, generally written as A-B coupling, meaning the A of a slow wave is coupled with the B of a fast wave. For example, phase–amplitude coupling is where the phase of a slow wave is coupled with the amplitude of a fast wave. [70] The theta-gamma code is a coupling between theta wave and gamma wave in the hippocampal network ...
(2) A time-varying component which may include singlepulse waves, multipulse waves, or periodic waves caused by spontaneous neuronal activity. This baseline state represents activity of the brain in the state of relaxation, in which neurons receive some level of spontaneous, weak stimulation by small, naturally present concentrations of ...
The red section on the right, d, is the difference between the lengths of the hypotenuse, H, and the adjacent side, A.As is shown, H and A are almost the same length, meaning cos θ is close to 1 and θ 2 / 2 helps trim the red away.
The counterclockwise-rotating vector (cos t, sin t) has a positive frequency of +1 radian per unit of time. Not shown is a clockwise-rotating vector (cos (−t), sin (−t)) which has a negative frequency of -1 radian per unit of time. Both go around a unit circle every 2π units of time, but in opposite directions.
The cosine, cotangent, and cosecant are so named because they are respectively the sine, tangent, and secant of the complementary angle abbreviated to "co-". [ 32 ] With these functions, one can answer virtually all questions about arbitrary triangles by using the law of sines and the law of cosines . [ 33 ]